Nenad Šijaković, an expert in power engineering and energy transition, emphasizes that Serbia’s ideal approach to green energy involves a combination of large, controllable energy sources like thermal and hydroelectric power plants, along with decentralized renewable energy from solar and wind. He advocates for a system that prioritizes domestic resources and involves local ownership where possible.
Serbia boasts significant potential for renewable energy sources (RES), particularly in hydroelectric power, which has already established the country as a leader in Europe regarding renewable energy utilization. The favorable geographical conditions also provide opportunities for harnessing wind and solar energy effectively.
The focus, according to Šijaković, should not solely be on the potential of these resources, but rather on their sustainable and efficient exploitation. He stresses the importance of a carefully managed energy system that maintains stability and environmental integrity.
Current state of renewable energy in Serbia
Serbia has achieved a higher share of renewable energy in its total gross energy consumption—24.7% in 2022—surpassing the EU average of 23%. When considering only electric energy, this figure rises to approximately 34%. This positions Serbia favorably compared to many EU countries as it moves towards compliance with international energy obligations and EU standards.
Historical context and future strategy
The journey towards utilizing renewable energy effectively in Serbia began 125 years ago with the establishment of the country’s first hydroelectric power plant. This foundation has allowed for a balanced energy mix of stable coal-fired thermal power and hydroelectric generation.
As Serbia introduces more variable renewable sources, it must ensure that this transition is executed wisely to maintain system stability. The country must balance the influx of foreign investment in the RES sector with strong regulatory frameworks that safeguard national energy security and supply reliability.
Navigating energy security and market dynamics
While the involvement of foreign investors in the renewable energy sector is beneficial, Šijaković warns that it should not compromise Serbia’s energy independence. A robust regulatory environment is essential to ensure that these investments align with national interests and energy security.
He advocates for a mixed approach that integrates renewable energy sources while maintaining sufficient conventional power generation to meet the growing demand for electricity, especially as sectors like transportation and IT increasingly rely on electric power.
The future of Serbia’s energy sector
To successfully transition to green energy, Serbia needs to respect the unique characteristics of its energy resources. A balanced strategy would involve centralized production from thermal and hydroelectric plants while decentralizing variable renewable sources like solar and wind energy, allowing for community involvement and ownership.
Key to this approach is a commitment to maintaining the reliability and availability of electricity for both consumers and the economy. The integration of renewable sources must be accompanied by necessary infrastructure and storage capabilities to address variability and ensure consistent supply.
In conclusion, Serbia’s energy transition must be gradual, respecting existing technical parameters and the specific needs of the national system. By prioritizing national energy security and embracing sustainable practices, Serbia can navigate the challenges of the evolving energy landscape effectively.
